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In winkelwagenMechanical model:
relationship between three mechanical components:
series elastic component=
*if concentric action does not occur immediately following eccentric action or the eccentric phase is too long or requires too great a motion about the given joint, the stored energy dissipates and is lost as heat; thus no plyometric effect will occur
elastic energy is stored following a rapid stretch and then released during a subsequent concentric muscle action, thereby increasing the total force production
the series and parallel elastic components and the contractile component (CC)
primary contributer to force production during plyometric exercises (includes myosin and actin and is composed mainly of tendon)
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Neurophysiological model:
stretch reflex=
muscle spindles=
a change in the force-velocity characteristics of the muscle's contractile components caused by stretch; concentric muscle force is increased with the use of stretch reflex
the body's involuntary response to an external stimulus that causes a rapid stretching of the muscle
*in response to a rapid stretch a signal is sent to the spinal cord, which in turn sends a message back, resulting in concentric contraction of the same overstretched muscle. The stretch reflex responds to the rate at which the muscle is stretched
organs located within the muscle near the musculotendinous junction.
*they are sensitive to the rate and magnitude of a stretch; when a quick stretch is detected, muscular activity reflexively increases. this reflexive response increases the activity in the agonist muscle, thereby increasing the force the muscle produces
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Although the ... of the reflex does not really change with training, the ... of the response in terms of the muscle contraction elicited does increase with training, resulting in ...
The faster a muscle is stretched, the greater the ... force following the stretch, resulting in ...
response time, strength, power gains
concentric, increased power output
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Eccentric
Action:
Physiological event:
Amortization
Action:
Physiological event:
Concentric
Action:
Physiological event:
stretch of the agonist muscle (countermovement)
elastic energy is stored, muscle spindles are stimulated, signal is sent to spinal cord
pause between phase 1 and 3
nerves synapse (meet) in spinal cord, signal is sent to stretched muscle
shortening of the agonist muscle fibers
elastic energy is released from the SEC, stretched muscle is stimulated by nerve
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The eccentric phase - the deceleration phase involves:
The amortization phase - the transition phase is:
The concentric phase is:
preloading the agonist muscle group(s), the SEC stores elastic energy and the muscle spindles are stimulated
the time between the eccentric and concentric phases, this is the turn-around time from landing to take off and is the most important part of the plyometric exercise, as it is critical for power development
final phase of the SSC, the energy stored in the SEC during eccentric phase is either used to increase force of the movement or is dissipated as heat
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Outcome of participation in a plyometric training program:
increased production of muscular power and improved ''running economy'' (the distance run per amount of oxygen consumed)
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A component of plyometric training is ... control of movement and may decrease risk of injury
The most common injuries of plyometrics:
Modifications to intensity and volume must be made based on:
eccentric
ankle and knee sprains, due to breaks in form resulting from muscular fatigue
age
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Oefenvragen makenSamenvatting, oefenvragen hoofdstuk 17 van het NSCA boek, minor PT aan de HvA.
46 oefenvragen
English
25-10-2021
HBO / Hogeschool van Amsterdam / Voeding en Diëtetiek / Minor Personal Trainer
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