Advanced Research Methods Samenvatting - Practice Questions

The main principles of scientific research are: science progresses on the basis of testable hypotheses and evidence, research does not take place in a vacuum, dont trust other peoples science without your own critical analysis, and confidence in a theory grows as more studies support it.

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The main ingredients of science are theory (formalized explanations of phenomena), expectations (hypotheses about what we expect to observe), studies (experiments, surveys, case studies, etc.), and observations (data stemming from studies that need to be analyzed and interpreted).

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The three main logics of scientific reasoning are deductive reasoning (based on true premises leading to a true conclusion), inductive reasoning (deriving an explanation/generalization from a series of observations that is probably true), and abductive reasoning (coming to a likely explanation based on interactions between observations and theories).

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The four types of research questions are descriptive knowledge (how things are), explanatory knowledge (why things are that way), predictive knowledge (how things will be), and prescriptive knowledge (how things should be done).

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The different classifications of data are primary vs secondary, qualitative vs quantitative, and empirical vs simulated.

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The objective of a narrative literature review is to inform research and show the gaps in the existing knowledge.

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The four ways of being critical in reading and writing are rhetoric (evaluating the support provided to conclusions), tradition (questioning standard statements/assumptions), authority (being skeptical of commonly used theories or expert opinions), and objectivity (recognizing bias and supporting a certain point of view).

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The main research strategies associated with qualitative research are ethnography, grounded theory, case studies, focus groups, interviews, and archival research.

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